Qhov txawv ntawm Hard Routers thiab Mos Routers

Ua ntej, cov khoom muag muag thiab cov routers nyuaj yog dab tsi?

1. Hard Router

• Txhais: Cov routers ib txwm muaj, nrog kho vajtse thiab software tsim kho los ntawm cov tuam txhab, thiab cov neeg siv tsis tuaj yeem hloov lub kaw lus lossis nthuav dav.
• Nta:

Qhov tshwm sim: Feem ntau yog lub thawv nrog lub kav hlau txais xov (Wi-Fi muaj nuj nqi).

Kev Ua Haujlwm: Muab cov haujlwm yooj yim xws li Wi-Fi, nkag hauv Internet, thiab firewall. - **Kev siv**: Plug thiab ua si, haum rau cov neeg siv tshiab.

2.Soft Router

• Txhais: Ib lub router raws li dav dav - lub hom phiaj kho vajtse (xws li cov khoos phis tawj muaj, PCs qub), thiab cov neeg siv tuaj yeem nruab cov routers dawb (xws li RouterOS, OpenWRT).
• Nta:

Kev tshwm sim: Zoo ib yam li lub khoos phis tawj me, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj Wi-Fi muaj nuj nqi (yuav tsum muaj AP ntxiv).

Muaj nuj nqi: Txhawb kev ua haujlwm siab heev (xws li Docker, VPN server, ntau- kab sib npaug, tshuab virtual).

Kev Siv: Yuav tsum muaj lub hauv paus kev ua haujlwm, tsim nyog rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam lossis geeks.

Qhov thib ob, qhov sib txawv ntawm Architecture thiab Chip

1. Hard Router

• Architecture:

ARM: Mainstream architecture, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg (xws li Qualcomm IPQ8074, MediaTek MT7986).

MIPS: Cov qauv qub, nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog tab sis tus nqi qis (xws li MT7621).

• Chip:

Kev sib koom ua ke siab, kev tsim qauv ntawm CPU, Wi-Fi, thiab hloov nti.

Kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho kho vajtse (xws li hloov kho dua tshiab los ntawm Wi-Fi 5 rau Wi-Fi 6).

• Internal daim duab ntawm hard router

2. Mos Router

• Architecture:

x86: Mainstream architecture, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nthuav dav zoo (xws li Intel N100, AMD Ryzen).

• Chip:

Siv dav - lub hom phiaj kho vajtse (CPU, nco, hard disk, network card).

Muaj peev xwm hloov kho kho vajtse dawb (xws li ntxiv lub cim xeeb, hloov daim npav network).

• Internal daim duab ntawm soft router

• Pem hauv ntej version ntawm software thiab hardware router

Peb, detailed Comparative Analysis

1.Kev ua tau zoo thiab suav lub zog

• x86:

Qhov zoo: Ntau yam -core thiab siab- kev ua tau zoo (xws li Intel N100, AMD Ryzen), txhawb nqa 10-gigabit xa mus, virtual tshuab / thawv network, thiab tsim nyog rau kev lag luam nyuaj (xws li IDS / IPS, VPN servers).

Disadvantages: Kev siv hluav taws xob siab, tso siab rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, thiab tus nqi siab.

• ARM:

Qhov zoo: Kev ua tau zoo sib npaug thiab kev siv hluav taws xob (xws li Qualcomm IPQ8074, MediaTek MT7986), txhawb Wi-Fi 6/7 thiab kho vajtse acceleration (NAT/AES).

Qhov tsis zoo: Kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog dua li x86 nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav hnyav heev.

• ASIC/NPE:

Qhov zoo: Hlau- nrawm xa mus rau cov haujlwm uas muaj tswv (xws li Huawei NPU acceleration) nrog qis qis heev.

Disadvantages: Tsau ua haujlwm thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim.

2.Power Consumption and Energy Efficiency Ratio

• x86: Haum rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam hauv siab -load scenarios.
• ARM: Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev siv hluav taws xob sib piv, haum rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev / kev lag luam khiav 24/7.
• MIPS/RISC-V: Ultra- siv hluav taws xob tsawg, haum rau cov roj teeb -powered lossis IoT li.
• ASIC: Ua kom zoo rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb nrog lub zog ua haujlwm siab, tab sis tsuas yog rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

3. Nqi thiab Ecology

• x86: Tus nqi kho vajtse siab (kev lag luam khoos phis tawj + ntau-cov chaw nres nkoj), tab sis cov software ecology yog cov paub tab (txhawb Windows/Linux/BSD).
• ARM: Tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm (nruab nrab-ntau routers nqi 200 - 1000 yuan), nrog qhib zoo- qhov chaw txhawb nqa (OpenWRT/DD-WRT).
• RISC-V: Tsawg tus nqi tsim kho, tab sis ob peb pawg- tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej tsis zoo.
• ASIC: Cov nqi tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho siab heev, tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev lag luam - theem kev yuav khoom.

Plaub, CPU Chips rau Hardware thiab Software Router Architectures

1. ARM Architecture Router Chips

• MediaTek Filogic Series(tusHauv qab no yog Cov neeg sawv cev chips):

Filogic 820: Dual-core A53 (1.3GHz) + Wi-Fi 6 (2x2 2.4G + 3x3 5}G), txhawb nqa 160MHz bandwidth.

Filogic 830: Quad-core A53 (2.0GHz) + Wi-Fi 6E (4x4 tri-band), nrog kev sib xyaw NPU acceleration.

Nta: Tus nqi siab ua tau zoo thiab qhib tau zoo -qhov kev txhawb nqa (OpenWRT), haum rau nruab nrab -ntau lub tsev routers.

Cov ntawv thov: Redmi AX6000, TP-Txuas Archer AX72.

• Qualcomm Networking Pro Series (Cov hauv qab no yog cov neeg sawv cev chips):

IPQ8072A: Quad-core A53 (1.4GHz) + Wi-Fi 6 (8x8 MU-MIMO), txhawb nqa 2.5G network ports.

IPQ9574: Quad-core A73 (2.2GHz) + Wi-Fi 7 (320MHz bandwidth), txhawb nqa 10G SFP+.

Nta: Kev sib koom ua ke siab, txhawb nqa ntau-kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev lag luam- theem kev ruaj ntseg.

Daim ntawv thov: Netgear RAXE300, Xiaomi AX9000.

• Broadcom BCM Series (Cov hauv qab no yog cov neeg sawv cev chips):

BCM4908: Dual-core A53 (1.8GHz) + Wi-Fi 6 (4x4), txhawb kev sib txuas sib txuas.

BCM4912: Quad-core A53 (2.0GHz) + Wi-Fi 6E, nrog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke encryption cav.

Nta: Kaw- qhov chaw tsav tsheb, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv high{1}}cov neeg siv khoom routers kawg.

Cov ntawv thov: ASUS RT-AX86U, Linksys MX5300.

2. MIPS Architecture Router Chips

• MediaTek MTK Series (Cov hauv qab no yog cov neeg sawv cev chips):

MT7621AT: Dual{1}}core MIPS 1004Kc (880MHz), txhawb nqa dual Gigabit network ports.

MT7628AN: Ib leeg-core MIPS 24Kc (580MHz), nrog kev sib xyaw 2.4G Wi-Fi.

Nta: Tus nqi qis thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tsim nyog rau kev nkag - cov khoom siv qib.

Daim ntawv thov: Phicomm K2P, HiWiFi B70.

• Broadcom's Qub Solutions (Cov hauv qab no yog cov neeg sawv cev chips):

BCM4708 (dual{1}}core MIPS 74Kc, 800MHz).

Nta: Lagging kev ua tau zoo, maj mam hloov los ntawm ARM, thiab tsuas yog pom hauv cov khoom qub.

Daim ntawv thov: ASUS RT-AC68U (thaum ntxov version).

3. x86 Architecture Router Chips

• Intel Embedded Processors (Cov hauv qab no yog cov neeg sawv cev chips):

Celeron J4125: Quad-core (2.0GHz), 10W TDP, txhawb AES-NI acceleration.

N100: 4 cores thiab 4 threads (3.4GHz), nrog rau kev sib xyaw GPU, haum rau virtualization.

Nta: Kev ua haujlwm siab, txhawb nqa 10-gigabit xa mus, thiab tuaj yeem khiav cov kev pabcuam hauv network nyuaj.

Daim ntaub ntawv: Protectli Vault soft router, Qotom industrial computer.

• AMD Embedded Solutions (Cov hauv qab no yog cov neeg sawv cev chips):

Ryzen Embedded R1606G (dual-core/quad- xov, 2.6GHz).

Nta: Muaj zog ntau- xov kev ua tau zoo, haum rau siab -nruj virtualization ib puag ncig.

Daim ntawv thov: Enterprise-theem soft router pawg, huab gateways.

4. RISC-V Architecture Router Chips

• StarFive

Tus neeg sawv cev nti: JH7110 (quad-core RISC-V U74, 1.5GHz).

Nta: Qhib- qhov chaw qhia kev teeb tsa, nyob rau theem pib ntawm ecology, haum rau cov neeg tsim khoom sim.

Daim ntawv thov: Ntug suav lub rooj vag, kho cov khoom siv network.

• Alibaba T-Lub taub hau

Tus neeg sawv cev nti: TH1520 (quad-core C910 RISC-V, 2.5GHz).

Nta: Siab -kev ua tau zoo RISC-V, txhawb nqa Linux system, muaj peev xwm zoo.

Daim ntawv thov: Intelligent router qauv tsim.

5. Special Architectures (ASIC/NPU)

• Huawei HiSilicon NPU Solutions

Cov neeg sawv cev nti: Hi5651T (dual-core A53 + NPU).

Nta: Kho vajtse-qib tsheb khiav nrawm, txhawb nqa AI QoS thiab nrhiav kev hem thawj.

Daim ntawv thov: Huawei AR2200 enterprise router.

• Broadcom ASIC Hloov Chips

Tus sawv cev nti: BCM56960 (StrataXGS series).

Nta: Hlau-kev xa mus nrawm nrog qis latency, siv rau hauv cov keyboards tseem ceeb.

Daim ntawv thov: Cisco Catalyst 9200 series.

Thib rau, Kev sib piv Architecture thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau

Xya,Yav tom ntej Trends

• ARM txuas ntxiv mus ua tus thawj tswj hwm: Qhov nrov ntawm Wi-Fi 7 thiab 2.5G/10G tsav qhov rov ua haujlwm siab -kawg ARM chips (xws li MediaTek MT7988).
• Nrov nrov ntawm x86 Mos Routers: Qhov kev thov rau virtualization txhawb Intel N100 / N305 los ua tus qauv teeb tsa rau cov geeks hauv tsev.
• Sawv ntawm RISC-V: Qhib- qhov chaw architecture + tus nqi qis yuav cuam tshuam rau nruab nrab-rau- qis- kev ua lag luam kawg (xws li lub tsev ntse ntse).
• AI Integration: Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm NPU thiab router chips ua rau muaj kev tswj xyuas kev tsheb khiav ceev (xws li TP-Txuas Omada SDN daws).